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Green Open Access

Non-OpenAccess Journals & OpenAccess Journals

• For NON-OpenAccess Journals the Reader has to pay for the publication of the scientific paper.
• For Gold OpenAccess Journal the Authors or Institutions have to pay for the publication.
  
• Green Open Access Journal neither Reader nor Author have pay

Both approaches are commerical Environments. NON-OpenAccess Journals limit the access to knowledge for readers, so that scientific results may not be accessible by everyone, especially developing countries or institutions that work for public health risk mitigation. OpenAccess (Gold Standard) Journal limit the access of authors from developing countries, that publish their results for everyone, due to funding limitation.

The Core of Quality Assurance are the Scientists, that review papers and these scientist are not payed for their quality assurance work. In addition to the peer reviewing work of the scientist and IT-Conference or Journal Management System is necessary. There are Open Source Conference Management Systems available (like the >Public Knowledge Project - Canada). Even commerical hosted IT-Publication Management Systems are available as Conference Management Web Service that offer free web services (e.g. >EasyChair - Non-OpenSource with 20M File Size per publication upload). Even professional commercial IT-Publication Services do not cost more than 3 US-$ per publication in general. So the cost for charged by OpenAccess Jpurnals form authors can be signifantly reduced, if scientist follow the suggestion of the >Public Knowledge Project or by using low-cost of free Conference Management systems.

Green Open Access - e-Learning Domain  - eleed

To maximize the use of exisiting scientific and educational  infrastructure it is recommended to use eleed for e-Learning Publications for Capacity Buidling and support of Risk Literacy (Open Content & Open Educational Resources). Information for Paper Submission

Open Community Reviewing

The reviews of submitted papers for a Quality Assurance process have to objectives:

1. (Quality Assurance) assure a certain quality of the paper before it is rated a reviewed.
2. (Capacity Building) the review itself has a scientific value for capacity building, because other scientist/authors can learn from the comments of a reviewer and they may not run into the same dead-end of scientific approach.
3. (Citation includes Reviewing) In an OCA paper all Citation of other papers contain reviewing elements  (e.g. errors, additional limitations of the approach, positive feedback and derived. In an IT-Environment this can be mapped into the discussion page of a scientific Wiki with non-anonymous access to a reviewing/discussion. The Authors and the scientific community can respond to that rating by a response in the discussion and/or improvement of the paper. In this sense a paper is evolutionary with contributions by reviewers and suggestions of the community. The improvement of the paper is transparent to the community and other authors-

If the peer-reviewing is open, there is in general no difference according to the objectives of the content. In analogy to software development you can have commercial software and open source software that perform the task. In an Open Community

• Reviewing is appreciated to improve an existing paper and capacity building material. Reviewing is a contribution to the improvement of a scientific product. A scientist should receive reviewing point for performing a task of improvement. Reviewing is open, so that other users can see who reviewed the paper. With a commercial interest the reviewing process might be biased.
• Replication of Experiments: In a traditional way the replication of experiments seems to be necessary especially when important other publication build on those results. Replication of experiments should create credits for the scientist and not only for the original research paper. 
• Preprints (e.g. ArcXiv): expertise for problem solving might be discussed even before you published the  for your CV. This could speed up the development. At the same time an IT-Framework with non-anonymous access to reviewing/discussion keep also transparent track of minor improvements. If a peer-reviewed paper is published from the open discussion and reviewing, the acknowledgements in the paper will list all contributions in the open Wiki reviewing/discussion system.
• Open Data  (e.g. Open Knowledge Foundation): Publish the original research data so that other scientist can compare their data with yours and build new results on that data.
• Learn from Errors/Failure (e.g. share via Researchgate): Learning from errors and failures is important for an efficient scientific approach, especially not to replicate the same errors all over again.
  

Remark: If an institution wants to keep a Unique Selling Position with its unique Expertise, a OCA-publishing cannot be applied, because sharing of knowledge and capacity building will undermine the Unique Selling Position.

Open Conference with Publication

One option of creating publication options for a scientific community is to use a conference management system. To create a Low-Cost Environment for conferences EasyChair was evaluated because it does not require a server installation nor licensing costs in the free version. If you want to set up your own server, see List of Open Source Conference Management System Tools.